Community characteristics have a substantial effect on levels of support for same-sex marriage bans, thus reinforcing the utility of cultural explanations of policy decisions.From time to time, tensions between the business wing of the Republican party and Christian conservatives flare. Amendment support was negatively related to the concentration of gay organizations in 2006, but positively related to the presence of mega-churches in 2006. Amendment support was positively related in only one year to the percentage of a county’s population that was professional, young, black, in female-headed households, and Mormon. Support for the amendments in both years was positively related to the proportion of a county that was evangelical or Republican, but negatively related to its level of education and proportion of Catholics. The analysis uses OLS regression with county-level data to explain variation in local support for the amendments. This article uses social movement theory to explain variation in local support for proposed constitutional amendments to ban same-sex marriage in 22 states during 20. My study finds that framing and decentralization are crucial to the success of grassroots campaigns of this nature. I constructed the study with individual questions taken from independent polling institutions. The second aspect of this case study is a survey, distributed to 500 donors to the Defense of Marriage Coalition, the group that proposed and organized the measure. The first part of this study consists of a timeline and general overview of the campaign, created through news articles and interviews with a sampling of the many individuals who organized and participated in the Measure 36 campaign. To that end, this work includes a two- part case study of Oregon’s 2004 Measure 36, which successfully sought to amend the state constitution to restrict legal marriage to one man and one woman. This examination transitions from the national picture to the inner workings of a local conservative Christian grassroots campaign. The emergence of the Christian Right is examined from a political, demographical, and doctrinal standpoint. I use both theoretical material regarding collective action and case studies of the anti-ERA and 1964 Barry Goldwater for President campaign. This work goes on to examine specific conservative grassroots campaigns. Special attention is paid to the early conservative intellectual tradition of the 1950s and 1960s and focuses on the ideological compromises contained within the concept of “fusionism,” an idea which blended traditions of libertarianism and social conservatism. This study begins with the New Deal and the post-World War II eras, and expands into a discussion of American politics in the 1960s and 1970s. The first is an in-depth historical and theoretical analysis of conservatism, grassroots mobilization, political participation, and religious political activism. This work examines contemporary conservative Christian grassroots movements in several distinct ways.
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